Variability in Open-Source and Industrial Preprocessor-Based Software Systems: An Empirical Study
Raw Data
Subject system | LOC | LOF | PLOF | VP | CC | SD#ifdef | SDfile | TD#ifdef | TDfile | NDavg | NDmax |
Open-source systems |
Apache | 154471 | 15394 | 10 | 2176 | 624 | 3.9 ± 9.1 | 2.0 ± 3.8 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 5.2 ± 7.6 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 6 |
BerkeleyDB | 517423 | 170610 | 33 | 12346 | 1681 | 7.6 ± 22.8 | 2.6 ± 4.9 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 7.2 ± 29.9 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 6 |
BusyBox | 184992 | 41248 | 22 | 5131 | 1376 | 3.4 ± 5.5 | 1.5 ± 2.6 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 8.8 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 4 |
Cherokee | 63920 | 9098 | 14 | 1115 | 366 | 3.6 ± 7.6 | 1.9 ± 6.0 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 5.8 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 4 |
FreeBSD | 8292355 | 1174593 | 14 | 125948 | 17907 | 10.7 ± 501.8 | 3.1 ± 21.6 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 11.3 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 24 |
GIMP | 704286 | 28223 | 4 | 2749 | 590 | 5.6 ± 14.4 | 2.8 ± 7.7 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 5.2 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 6 |
Gnumeric | 263583 | 12220 | 5 | 1603 | 738 | 1.7 ± 3.1 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 7.8 ± 53.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 6 |
gnuplot | 84882 | 17964 | 21 | 1904 | 420 | 5.6 ± 14.9 | 2.0 ± 4.2 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 7.0 ± 12.6 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 6 |
libxml2 | 236117 | 151866 | 64 | 11820 | 2073 | 8.4 ± 89.8 | 1.4 ± 2.6 | 5.4 ± 2.8 | 19.9 ± 133.5 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 8 |
Linux | 10664898 | 968673 | 09 | 81365 | 12189 | 5.9 ± 42.9 | 3.0 ± 18.6 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 5.6 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 5 |
OpenVPN | 55075 | 37282 | 68 | 1894 | 318 | 7.6 ± 20.2 | 3.1 ± 7.1 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 6.6 ± 11.7 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 4 |
Parrot | 104994 | 5810 | 06 | 1064 | 343 | 4.0 ± 6.4 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 4.4 ± 9.3 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 8 |
PostgreSQL | 741076 | 39017 | 05 | 6548 | 1278 | 7.3 ± 33.3 | 2.3 ± 6.1 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 5.1 ± 23.2 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 6 |
QEMU | 722944 | 86873 | 12 | 8062 | 1393 | 5.9 ± 23.2 | 1.9 ± 5.1 | 2.2 ± 2.5 | 3.8 ± 12.4 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 4 |
Sendmail | 92000 | 32497 | 35 | 3659 | 887 | 5.2 ± 10.7 | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 10.9 ± 35.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 5 |
SQLite | 137799 | 74886 | 54 | 3007 | 395 | 9.0 ± 19.5 | 3.5 ± 5.4 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 7.6 ± 14.7 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 4 |
Subversion | 794101 | 22141 | 3 | 6476 | 365 | 18.4 ± 47.5 | 7.3 ± 12.2 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 7.9 ± 21.6 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 4 |
Vim | 289567 | 169475 | 59 | 14524 | 969 | 17.7 ± 83.0 | 4.3 ± 7.4 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 28.2 ± 36.6 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 9 |
xfig | 74818 | 5374 | 7 | 465 | 108 | 4.6 ± 6.6 | 1.7 ± 2.4 | 2.3 ± 2.3 | 3.1 ± 7.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 7 |
xterm | 59856 | 22572 | 38 | 2658 | 462 | 7.4 ± 15.7 | 2.1 ± 2.5 | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 23.0 ± 41.5 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 6 |
Formerly closed-source systems (FCS); first (FCS1) and current version (FCS∞) |
Android Core 1.0 | 54702 | 6839 | 13 | 964 | 297 | 3.4 ± 7.3 | 1.6 ± 2.8 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 6.6 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 4 |
Android Core 4.4 | 86857 | 9380 | 11 | 1199 | 300 | 3.8 ± 8.2 | 1.9 ± 4.3 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 5.1 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 4 |
Blender 2.26 | 204201 | 12591 | 06 | 1953 | 237 | 7.3 ± 27.7 | 4.5 ± 22.1 | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 2.2 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 4 |
Blender 2.69 | 950360 | 153514 | 16 | 12289 | 1983 | 18.0 ± 162.4 | 2.6 ± 10.8 | 6.0 ± 9.8 | 3.5 ± 26.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 7 |
KornShell 12-02-29 | 161758 | 39004 | 24 | 5762 | 1526 | 6.1 ± 20.8 | 1.9 ± 5.8 | 2.5 ± 2.2 | 5.2 ± 9.4 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 7 |
KornShell 12-08-01 | 162657 | 39220 | 24 | 5804 | 1537 | 6.1 ± 20.8 | 1.9 ± 5.9 | 2.5 ± 2.2 | 5.2 ± 9.4 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 7 |
mDNSResponder 22 | 51175 | 6319 | 12 | 1205 | 264 | 5.3 ± 9.0 | 1.7 ± 2.4 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 5.2 ± 11.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 4 |
mDNSResponder 541 | 88311 | 26881 | 30 | 1758 | 362 | 5.3 ± 8.8 | 1.8 ± 2.4 | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 5.5 ± 11.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 4 |
OpenSolaris 1.0 | 573385 | 135542 | 24 | 11457 | 1481 | 8.1 ± 30.6 | 3.2 ± 11.1 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 6.9 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 8 |
OpenSolaris 13-10-28 | 2547718 | 505522 | 20 | 48193 | 7628 | 9.2 ± 39.1 | 3.0 ± 12.1 | 2.6 ± 2.5 | 4.5 ± 13.9 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 9 |
SeaMonkey 98-3-31 | 4845665 | 523492 | 11 | 71663 | 7335 | 10.1 ± 71.9 | 4.2 ± 48.9 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 3.2 ± 10.7 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 8 |
SeaMonkey 2.23 | 8659794 | 1500270 | 17 | 93484 | 8992 | 10.9 ± 103.3 | 4.6 ± 63.3 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 9.0 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 8 |
VirtualBox 1.6.0 | 1151572 | 390732 | 34 | 39506 | 6094 | 9.6 ± 62.8 | 2.4 ± 6.4 | 3.3 ± 2.8 | 7.0 ± 37.4 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 8 |
VirtualBox 4.3.2 | 3239837 | 980027 | 30 | 125952 | 9275 | 12.1 ± 77.3 | 3.6 ± 17.3 | 3.1 ± 2.9 | 5.4 ± 24.5 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 8 |
Industrial systems |
A | 1698018 | 1032263 | 61 | 51892 | 6502 | 13.8 ± 69.4 | 2.1 ± 6.2 | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 13.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 8 |
B | 1686414 | 1101868 | 65 | 42370 | 7761 | 10.6 ± 57.2 | 2.4 ± 10.6 | 2.9 ± 3.8 | 4.8 ± 12.6 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 12 |
C | 12296 | 6137 | 50 | 340 | 31 | 7.3 ± 14.6 | 2.8 ± 3.4 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 2.4 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 3 |
D | 42151 | 15965 | 38 | 2728 | 413 | 6.9 ± 17.8 | 1.7 ± 2.4 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 7.3 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 5 |
E | 546326 | 283804 | 52 | 18307 | 719 | 28.6 ± 307.9 | 6.0 ± 23.6 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 3.3 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 5 |
F | 274196 | 171225 | 62 | 12285 | 1454 | 10.2 ± 19.3 | 3.0 ± 4.3 | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 6.1 ± 11.0 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 6 |
G | 17531 | 3239 | 18 | 546 | 104 | 7.9 ± 14.6 | 2.6 ± 4.5 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 3.9 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 5 |